Autonomous surface cleaning robot for wet cleaning

ABSTRACT

An autonomous floor cleaning robot includes a transport drive and control system arranged for autonomous movement of the robot over a floor for performing cleaning operations. The robot chassis carries cleaning elements arranged to spray a liquid cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface across a cleaning width. The cleaning fluid mixes with contaminated on the floor, which become emulsified or otherwise mixed with the cleaning fluid. The robot further include cleaning elements configured to suction up waste materials and particularly the liquid waste material generated by the mixing of the cleaning fluid and contaminates.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This invention claims priority from Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/654,839 filed Feb. 18, 2005.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application relates to co-pending and co-assigned patent application Ser. No. ______ entitled AUTONOMOUS SURFACE CLEANING ROBOT FOR DRY AND WET CLEANING; patent application Ser. No. ______ entitled AUTONOMOUS SURFACE CLEANING ROBOT FOR DRY CLEANING, and patent application Ser. No. ______ entitled, AUTONOMOUS SURFACE CLEANING ROBOT FOR WET CLEANING both of which are filed even dated herewith and incorporated herein by this reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to cleaning devices, and more particularly, to an autonomous surface cleaning robot. In particular, the surface cleaning robot includes two separate cleaning zones with a first cleaning zone configured to collect loose particulates from the surface and with a second cleaning zone configured to apply a cleaning fluid onto the surface, scrub the surface and thereafter collect a waste liquid from the surface. The surface cleaning robot may also include at least two containers, carried thereby, to store cleaning fluid and waste materials.

2. Description of Related Art

Autonomous robot floor cleaning devices having a low enough end user price to penetrate the home floor cleaning market are known in the art. For example, co-assigned and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Number 10/320,729 by Jones et al. entitled AUTONOMOUS FLOOR-CLEANING ROBOT discloses an autonomous robot comprising a chassis, a battery power subsystem, a motive drive subsystem operative to propel the autonomous floor cleaning robot over a floor surface for cleaning operations, a command and control subsystem operative to control the cleaning operations and the motive subsystem, a rotating brush assembly for sweeping up or collecting loose particulates from the surface, a vacuum subsystem for suctioning up or collecting loose particulates on the surface, and a removable debris receptacle for collecting the particulates and storing the loose particulates on the robot during operation. Models similar to the device disclosed in the '729 application are commercially marketed by IROBOT CORPORATION under the trade names ROOMBA RED and ROOMBA DISCOVERY. These devices are operable to clean hard floor surfaces, e.g. bare floors, as well as carpeted floors, and to freely move from one surface type to the other unattended and without interrupting the cleaning process.

In particular, the '729 application teaches a first cleaning zone configured to collect loose particulates in a receptacle. The first cleaning zone includes a pair of counter-rotating brushes engaging the surface to be cleaned. The counter-rotating brushes are configured with brush bristles that move at an angular velocity with respect to floor surface as the robot is transported over the surface in a forward transport direction. The angular movement of the brush bristles with respect to the floor surface tends to flick loose particulates laying on the surface into the receptacle which is arranged to receive flicked particulates.

The '729 application further teaches a second cleaning zone configured to collect loose particulates in the receptacle and positioned aft of the first cleaning zone such that the second cleaning zone performs a second cleaning of the surface as the robot is transported over the surface in the forward direction. The second cleaning zone includes a vacuum device configured to suction up any remaining particulates and deposit them into the receptacle.

In other examples, home use autonomous cleaning devices are disclosed in each of U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,297, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0192144, both by Song et al. and both assigned to Samsung Gwangiu Electronics Co. In these examples, autonomous cleaning robots are configured with similar cleaning elements that utilize rotating brushes and a vacuum device to flick and suction up loose particulates and deposit them in a receptacle.

While each of the above examples provide affordable autonomous floor clearing robots for collecting loose particulates, there is heretofore no teaching of an affordable autonomous floor cleaning robot for applying a cleaning fluid onto the floor to wet clean floors in the home. A need exists in the art for such a device and that need is addressed by the present invention.

Wet floor cleaning in the home has long been done manually using a wet mop or sponge attached to the end of a handle. The mop or sponge is dipped into a container filled with a cleaning fluid, to absorb an amount of the cleaning fluid in the mop or sponge, and then moved over the surface to apply a cleaning fluid onto the surface. The cleaning fluid interacts with contaminates on the surface and may dissolve or otherwise emulsify contaminates into the cleaning fluid. The cleaning fluid is therefore transformed into a waste liquid that includes the cleaning fluid and contaminates held in suspension within the cleaning fluid. Thereafter, the sponge or mop is used to absorb the waste liquid from the surface. While clean water is somewhat effective for use as a cleaning fluid applied to floors, most cleaning is done with a cleaning fluid that is a mixture of clean water and soap or detergent that reacts with contaminates to emulsify the contaminates into the water. In addition, it is known to clean floor surfaces with water and detergent mixed with other agents such as a solvent, a fragrance, a disinfectant, a drying agent, abrasive particulates and the like to increase the effectiveness of the cleaning process.

The sponge or mop may also be used as a scrubbing element for scrubbing the floor surface, and especially in areas where contaminates are particularly difficult to remove from the floor. The scrubbing action serves to agitate the cleaning fluid for mixing with contaminates as well as to apply a friction force for loosening contaminates from the floor surface. Agitation enhances the dissolving and emulsifying action of the cleaning fluid and the friction force helps to break bonds between the surface and contaminates.

One problem with the manual floor cleaning methods of the prior art is that after cleaning an area of the floor surface, the waste liquid must be rinsed from the mop or sponge, and this usually done by dipping the mop or sponge back into the container filled with cleaning fluid. The rinsing step contaminates the cleaning fluid with waste liquid and the cleaning fluid becomes more contaminated each time the mop or sponge is rinsed. As a result, the effectiveness of the cleaning fluid deteriorates as more of the floor surface area is cleaned.

While the traditional manual method is effective for floor cleaning, it is labor intensive and time consuming. Moreover, its cleaning effectiveness decreases as the cleaning fluid becomes contaminated. A need exists in the art for an improved method for wet cleaning a floor surface to provide an affordable wet floor cleaning device for automating wet floor cleaning in the home.

In many large buildings, such as hospitals, large retail stores, cafeterias, and the like, there is a need to wet clean the floors on a daily or nightly basis, and this problem has been addressed by the development of industrial floor cleaning robots capable of wet cleaning floors. An example of one industrial wet floor cleaning device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,672 by Betker et al., and assigned to Windsor Industries Inc. Betker et al. disclose an autonomous floor cleaning device having a drive assembly providing a motive force to autonomously move the wet cleaning device along a cleaning path. The device provides a cleaning fluid dispenser for dispensing cleaning fluid onto the floor; rotating scrub brushes in contact with the floor surface for scrubbing the floor with the cleaning fluid, and a waste liquid recovery system, comprising a squeegee and a vacuum system for recovering the waste liquid from the floor surface. While the device disclosed by Betker et al. is usable to autonomously wet clean large floor areas, it is not suitable for the home market. In particular, the industrial autonomous cleaning device disclosed by Betker et al. is too large, costly and complex for use in the home and consumes too much electrical power to provide a practical solution for the home wet floor cleaning market.

Recently, improvements in conventional manual wet floor cleaning in the home are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,281 by Wright et al., and assigned to Royal Appliance Mfg., entitled METHOD FOR MOPPING AND DRYING A FLOOR. Disclosed therein is a low cost wet mopping system for manual use in the home market. The wet mopping system disclosed by Wright et al. comprises a manual floor cleaning device having a handle with a cleaning fluid supply container supported on the handle. The device includes a cleaning fluid dispensing nozzle supported on the handle for spraying cleaning fluid onto the floor and a floor scrubber sponge attached to the end of the handle for contact with the floor. The device also includes a mechanical device for wringing waste liquid out of the scrubbing sponge. A squeegee and an associated suction device are supported on the end of the handle and used to collect waste liquid up from the floor surface and deposit the waste liquid into a waste liquid container, supported on the handle separate from the cleaning solution reservoir. The device also includes a battery power source for powering the suction device. While Wright et al. teach a self contained wet cleaning device as well as an improved wet cleaning method that separates waste liquid from cleaning fluid the device is manually operated and lacks robotic functionality.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes the problems cited in the prior by providing low cost autonomous robot capable of wet cleaning floors and affordable for home use. The autonomous cleaning robot comprising a chassis and a transport drive system configured to autonomously transport cleaning elements over a cleaning surface. The robot is supported on the cleaning surface by wheels in rolling contact with the cleaning surface and the robot includes controls and drive elements configured to control the robot to generally traverse the cleaning surface in a forward direction defined by a fore-aft axis. The robot is further defined by a transverse axis perpendicular to the fore-aft axis.

The robot chassis carries a cleaning zone A comprising cleaning elements arranged to spray a liquid cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface across a cleaning width. The cleaning fluid mixes with contaminated on the floor, which become emulsified or otherwise mixed with the cleaning fluid. The robot further includes cleaning elements configured to suction up waste materials and particularly the liquid waste material generated by the mixing of the cleaning fluid and contaminates. In other embodiments, the robot may be configured to spray other liquids onto a surface. The other liquids may comprise wax, paint, surface or other liquid surface treatments and in these applications there may be no waste materials generated.

The robot chassis may also carry cleaning element configured to suction non-liquid waste material up from the surface such as loose particulates. Other cleaning elements used to clean the surface and may further include elements for scrubbing the cleaning surface and for smearing the cleaning fluid more uniformly over the cleaning surface.

The robot includes a motive drive subsystem controlled by a master control module and powered by a self-contained power module for performing autonomous movement over the cleaning surface

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of the present invention will best be understood from a detailed description of the invention and a preferred embodiment thereof selected for the purposes of illustration and shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 depicts an isometric view of a top surface of an autonomous cleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts an isometric view of a bottom surface of a chassis of an autonomous cleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts an isometric view of a top surface of a robot chassis having robot subsystems attached thereto according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram showing the interrelationship of subsystems of an autonomous cleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 depicts a schematic representation of a liquid applicator assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 depicts a section view taken through a stop valve assembly installed within a cleaning fluid supply tank according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts a section view taken through a pump assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 depicts a top view of a flexible element used as a diaphragm pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 depicts a top view of a nonflexible chamber element used in the pump assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 depicts an exploded isometric view of a scrubbing module according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 depicts a rotatable scrubbing brush according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 depicts a section view taken through a second collecting apparatus used for collecting waste liquid according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing elements of a drive module used to rotate the scrubbing brush according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of an air moving system according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 depicts a fan assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 depicts an exploded isometric view showing elements of an integrated liquid storage module according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 depicts an external view of the integrated liquid storage module removed from the cleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 depicts an exploded view of a nose wheel module according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 depicts a section view taken through a nose wheel assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 depicts an exploded view of a drive wheel assembly according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings where like reference numerals identify corresponding or similar elements throughout the several views, FIG. 1 depicts an isometric view showing the external surfaces of an autonomous cleaning robot 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The robot 100 is configured with a cylindrical volume having a generally circular cross-section 102 with a top surface and a bottom surface that is substantially parallel and opposed to the top surface. The circular cross-section 102 is defined by three mutually perpendicular axes; a central vertical axis 104, a fore-aft axis 106, and a transverse axis 108. The robot 100 is movably supported with respect to a surface to be cleaned, hereinafter, the cleaning surface. The cleaning surface is substantially horizontal. The robot 100 is generally supported in rolling contact with the cleaning surface by a plurality of wheels or other rolling elements attached to a chassis 200. In the preferred embodiment, the fore-aft axis 108 defines a transport axis along which the robot is advanced over the cleaning surface. The robot is preferably advanced in a forward or fore travel direction, designated F, during cleaning operations. The opposite travel direction, (i.e. opposed by 180°), is designated A for aft. The robot is preferably not advanced in the aft direction during cleaning operations but may be advanced in the aft direction to avoid an object or maneuver out of a corner or the like. Cleaning operations may continue or be suspended during aft transport. The transverse axis 108 is further defined by the labels R for right and L for left, as viewed from the top view of FIG. 1. In subsequent figures, the R and L direction remain consistent with the top view, but may be reversed on the printed page. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the robot circular cross-section 102 is approximately 370 mm, (14.57 inches) and the height of the robot 100 above the cleaning surface of approximately 85 mm, (3.3 inches). However, the autonomous cleaning robot 100 of the present invention may be built with other cross-sectional diameter and height dimensions, as well as with other cross-sectional shapes, e.g. square, rectangular and triangular, and volumetric shapes, e.g. cube, bar, and pyramidal.

The robot 100 may include a user input control panel, not shown, disposed on an external surface, e.g. the top surface, with one or more user manipulated actuators disposed on the control panel. Actuation of a control panel actuator by a user generates an electrical signal, which is interpreted to initiate a command. The control panel may also include one or more mode status indicators such as visual or audio indicators perceptible by a user. In one example, a user may set the robot onto the cleaning surface and actuate a control panel actuator to start a cleaning operation. In another example, a user may actuate a control panel actuator to stop a cleaning operation.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the autonomous robot 100 includes a plurality of cleaning modules supported on a chassis 200 for cleaning the substantially horizontal cleaning surface as the robot is transported over the cleaning surface. The cleaning modules extend below the robot chassis 200 to contact or otherwise operate on the cleaning surface during cleaning operations. More specifically, the robot 100 is configured with a first cleaning zone A for collecting loose particulates from the cleaning surface and for storing the loose particulates in a receptacle carried by the robot. The robot 100 is further configured with a second cleaning zone B that at least applies a cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. The cleaning fluid may be clean water alone or clean water mixed with other ingredients to enhance cleaning. The application of the cleaning fluid serves to dissolve, emulsify or otherwise react with contaminates on the cleaning surface to separate contaminates therefrom. Contaminates may become suspended or otherwise combined with the cleaning fluid. After the cleaning fluid has been applied onto the surface, it mixes with contaminates and becomes waste material, e.g. a liquid waste material with contaminates suspended or otherwise contained therein.

The underside of the robot 100 is shown in FIG. 2 which depicts a first cleaning zone A disposed forward of the second cleaning zone B with respect to the fore-aft axis 106. Accordingly, the first cleaning zone A precedes the second cleaning zone B over the cleaning surface when the robot 100 travels in the forward direction. The first and second cleaning zones are configured with a cleaning width W that is generally oriented parallel or nearly parallel with the transverse axis 108. The cleaning width W defines the cleaning width or cleaning footprint of the robot. As the robot 100 advances over the cleaning surface in the forward direction, the cleaning width is the width of cleaning surface cleaned by the robot in a single pass. Ideally, the cleaning width extends across the full transverse width of the robot 100 to optimize cleaning efficiency; however, in a practical implementation, the cleaning width is narrower that the robot transverse width due to spatial constraints on the robot chassis 200.

According to the present invention, the robot 100 traverses the cleaning surface in a forward direction over a cleaning path with both cleaning zones operating simultaneously. In the preferred embodiment, the nominal forward velocity of the robot is approximately 4.75 inches per second however; the robot and cleaning devices may be configured to clean at faster and slower forward velocities. The first cleaning zone A precedes the second cleaning zone B over the cleaning surface and collects loose particulates from the cleaning surface across the cleaning width W. The second cleaning zone B applies cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface across the cleaning width W. The second cleaning zone may also be configured to smear the cleaning fluid applied onto the cleaning surface to smooth the cleaning fluid into a more uniform layer and to mix the cleaning fluid with contaminates on the cleaning surface. The second cleaning zone B may also be configured to scrub the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. The scrubbing action agitates the cleaning fluid to mix it with contaminates. The scrubbing action also applies a friction force against contaminates to thereby dislodge contaminates from the cleaning surface. The second cleaning zone B may also be configured to collect waste liquid from cleaning surface across the cleaning width. According to the invention, a single pass of the robot over a cleaning path first collects loose particulates up from the cleaning surface across the cleaning width and thereafter applies a cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface generally across the cleaning width W to interact with contaminates remaining on the cleaning surface and may further apply a scrubbing action to dislodge contaminates from the cleaning surface. A single pass of the robot 100 over a cleaning path may also smear the cleaning fluid more uniformly on the cleaning surface. A single pass of the robot over a cleaning path may also collect waste liquid up from the cleaning surface.

In general, the cleaning robot 100 is configured to clean uncarpeted indoor hard floor surface, e.g. floors covered with tiles, wood, vinyl, linoleum, smooth stone or concrete and other manufactured floor covering layers that are not overly abrasive and that do not readily absorb liquid. In addition, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the robot 100 is configured to autonomously transport over the floors of small enclosed furnished rooms such as are typical of residential homes and smaller commercial establishments. The robot 100 does not operate over predefined cleaning paths but instead, moves over substantially all of the cleaning surface area under the control of various transport algorithms designed to operate irrespective of the enclosure shape or obstacle distribution. In particular, the robot 100 of the present invention moves over cleaning paths in accordance with preprogrammed procedures implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof to implement three basic operational modes, i.e., movement patterns, that can be categorized as: (1) a “spot-coverage” mode; (2) a “wall/obstacle following” mode; and (3) a “bounce” mode. In addition, the robot 100 is preprogrammed to initiate actions based upon signals received from sensors incorporated therein, where such actions include, but are not limited to, implementing one of the movement patterns above, an emergency stop of the robot 100, or issuing an audible alert. These operational modes of the robot of the present invention are specifically described in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,809,490, by Jones et al., entitled, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MULTI-MODE COVERAGE FOR AN AUTONOMOUS ROBOT, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

In a preferred embodiment, the robot 100 is configured to clean approximately 150 square feet of cleaning surface in a single cleaning operation. The duration of the cleaning operation is approximately 45 minutes. Accordingly, the robot systems are configured for unattended autonomous cleaning for 45 minutes or more without the need to recharge a power supply, refill the supply of cleaning fluid or empty the waste materials collected by the robot.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 the robot 100 includes a plurality of subsystems mounted to a robot chassis 200. The major robot subsystems are shown schematically in FIG. 4 which depicts a master control module 300 interconnected for two-way communication with each of a plurality of other robot subsystems. The interconnection of the robot subsystems is provided via network of interconnected wires and or conductive elements, e.g. conductive paths formed on an integrated printed circuit board or the like, as is well known. The master control module 300 at least includes a programmable or preprogrammed digital data processor, e.g. a microprocessor, for performing program steps, algorithms and or mathematical and logical operations as may be required. The master control module 300 also includes a digital data memory in communication with the data processor for storing program steps and other digital data therein. The master control module 300 also includes one or more clock elements for generating timing signals as may be required.

A power module 310 delivers electrical power to all of the major robot subsystems. The power module includes a self-contained power source attached to the robot chassis 200, e.g. a rechargeable battery, such as a conventional nickel metal hydride battery, or the like. In addition, the power source is configured to be recharged by any one of various recharging elements and or recharging modes, or the battery may be replaced by a user when it becomes discharged or unusable. The master control module 300 may also interface with the power module 310 to control the distribution of power, to monitor power use and to initiate power conservation modes as required.

The robot 100 may also include one or more interface modules or elements 320. Each interface module 320 is attached to the robot chassis to provide an interconnecting element or port for interconnecting with one or more external devices. Interconnecting elements and ports are preferably accessible on an external surface of the robot. The master control module 300 may also interface with the interface modules 320 to control the interaction of the robot 100 with external device. In particular, one interface module element is provided for charging the rechargeable battery via an external power supply or power source such as a conventional AC or DC power outlet. Another interface module element may be configured for one or two way communications over a wireless network and further interface module elements may be configure to interface with one or more mechanical devices to exchange liquids and loose particulates therewith, e.g. for filling a cleaning fluid reservoir or for draining or emptying a waste material container.

Accordingly, the interface module 320 may comprise a plurality of interface ports and connecting elements for interfacing with active external elements for exchanging operating commands, digital data and other electrical signals therewith. The interface module 320 may further interface with one or more mechanical devices for exchanging liquid and or solid materials therewith. The interface module 320 may also interface with an external power supply for charging the robot power module 310. Active external devices for interfacing with the robot 100 may include, but are not limited to, a floor standing docking station, a hand held remote control device, a local or remote computer, a modem, a portable memory device for exchanging code and or data with the robot and a network interface for interfacing the robot 100 with any device connected to the network. In addition, the interface module 320 may include passive elements such as hooks and or latching mechanisms for attaching the robot 100 to a wall for storage or for attaching the robot to a carrying case or the like.

In particular, an active external device according to one aspect of the present invention confines the robot 100 in a cleaning space such as a room by emitting radiation in a virtual wall pattern. The robot 100 is configured to detect the virtual wall pattern and is programmed to treat the virtual wall pattern as a room wall so that the robot does not pass through the virtual wall pattern. This particular aspect of the present invention is specifically described in commonly-owned, U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,134 by Jones et al., entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ROBOT LOCALIZATION AND CONFINEMENT, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Another active external device according to a further aspect of the present invention comprises a robot base station used to interface with the robot. The base station may comprise a fixed unit connected with a household power supply, e.g. and AC power wall outlet and or other household facilities such as a water supply pipe, a waste drain pipe and a network interface. According to invention, the robot 100 and the base station are each configured for autonomous docking and the base station may be further configure to charge the robot power module 310 and to service the robot in other ways. A base station and autonomous robot configured for autonomous docking and for recharging the robot power module is specifically described in commonly-owned and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No 10/762,219, filed on Jan. 21, 2004, entitled AUTONOMOUS ROBOT AUTO-DOCKING AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND METHOD, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The autonomous robot 100 includes a self-contained motive transport drive subsystem 900 which is further detailed below. The transport drive 900 includes three wheels extending below the chassis 200 to provide three points of rolling support with respect to the cleaning surface. A nose wheel is attached to the robot chassis 200 at a forward edge thereof, coaxial with the fore-aft axis 106, and a pair of drive wheels attached to the chassis 200 aft of the transverse axis 108 and rotatable about a drive axis that is parallel with the transverse axis 108. Each drive wheel is separately driven and controlled to advance the robot in a desired direction. In addition, each drive wheel is configured to provide sufficient drive friction as the robot operates on a cleaning surface that is wet with cleaning fluid. The nose wheel is configured to self align with the direction of travel. The drive wheels may be controlled to move the robot 100 forward or aft in a straight line or along an arcuate path.

The robot 100 further includes a sensor module 340. The sensor module 340 comprises a plurality of sensors attached to the chassis and or integrated with robot subsystems for sensing external conditions and for sensing internal conditions. In response to sensing various conditions, the sensor module 340 may generate electrical signals and communicate the electrical signals to the control module 300. Individual sensors may perform such functions as detecting walls and other obstacles, detecting drop offs in the cleaning surface, called cliffs, detecting dirt on the floor, detecting low battery power, detecting an empty cleaning fluid container, detecting a full waste container, measuring or detecting drive wheel velocity distance traveled or slippage, detecting nose wheel rotation or cliff drop off, detecting cleaning system problems such rotating brush stalls or vacuum system clogs, detecting inefficient cleaning, cleaning surface type, system status, temperature, and many other conditions. In particular, several aspects of the sensor module 340 of the present invention as well as and its operation, especially as it relates to sensing external elements and conditions are specifically described in commonly-owned, U.S. Pat. No. 6,594,844, by Jones, entitled ROBOT OBSTACLE DETECTION SYSTEM, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The robot 100 may also include a user control module 330. The user control module 330 provides one or more user input interfaces that generate an electrical signal in response to a user input and communicate the signal to the master control module 300. In one embodiment of the present invention, the user control module, described above, provides a user input interface, however, a user may enter commands via a hand held remote control device, a programmable computer or other programmable device or via voice commands. A user may input user commands to initiate actions such as power on/off, start, stop or to change a cleaning mode, set a cleaning duration, program cleaning parameters such as start time and duration, and or many other user initiated commands.

Cleaning Zones

Referring now to FIG. 2, a bottom surface of a robot chassis 200 is shown in isometric view. As shown therein, a first cleaning zone A is disposed forward of a second cleaning zone B with respect to the fore-aft axis 106. Accordingly, as the robot 100 is transported in the forward direction the first cleaning zone A precedes the second cleaning zone B over the cleaning surface. Each cleaning zone A and B has a cleaning width W disposed generally parallel with the transverse axis 108. Ideally, the cleaning width of each cleaning zone is substantially identical however, the actual cleaning width of the cleaning zones A and B may be slightly different. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning width W is primarily defined by the second cleaning zone B which extends from proximate to the right circumferential edge of a bottom surface of the robot chassis 200 substantially parallel with the transverse axis 108 and is approximately 296 mm (11.7 inches) long. By locating the cleaning zone B proximate the right circumferential edge, the robot 100 may maneuver its right circumferential edge close to a wall or other obstacle for cleaning the cleaning surface adjacent to the wall or obstacle. Accordingly, the robot movement patterns include algorithms for transporting the right side of the robot 100 adjacent to each wall or obstacle encountered by the robot during a cleaning cycle. The robot 100 is therefore said to have a dominant right side. Of course, the robot 100 could be configured with a dominant left side instead. The first cleaning zone A is positioned forward of the transverse axis 108 and has a slightly narrower cleaning width than the second cleaning zone B, simply because of the circumference shape of the robot 100. However, any cleaning surface area not cleaned by the first cleaning zone A is cleaned by the second cleaning zone B.

First Cleaning Zone

The first cleaning zone A is configured to collect loose particulates from the cleaning surface. In the preferred embodiment, an air jet is generated by an air moving system which includes an air jet port 554 disposed on a left edge of the first cleaning zone A. The air jet port 554 expels a continuous jet or stream of pressurized air therefrom. The air jet port 554 is oriented to direct the air jet across the cleaning width from left to right. Opposed to the air jet port 554, an air intake port 556 is disposed on a right edge of the first cleaning zone A. The air moving system generates a negative air pressure zone in the conduits connected to the intake port 556, which creates a negative air pressure zone proximate to the intake port 556. The negative air pressure zone suctions loose particulates and air into the air intake port 556 and the air moving system is further configured to deposit the loose particulates into a waste material container carried by the robot 100. Accordingly, pressurized air expelled from the air jet port 554 moves across the cleaning width within the first cleaning zone A and forces loose particulates on the cleaning surface toward a negative air pressure zone proximate to the air intake port 556. The loose particulates are suctioned up from the cleaning surface through the air intake port 556 and deposited into a waste container carried by the robot 100.

The first cleaning zone A is further defined by a nearly rectangular channel formed between the air jet port 554 and the air intake port 556. The channel is defined by opposing forward and aft walls of a rectangular recessed area 574, which is a contoured shape formed in the bottom surface of the robot chassis 200. The forward and aft walls a substantially transverse to the fore-aft axis 106. The channel is further defined by a first compliant doctor blade 576, attached to the robot chassis 200, e.g. along the aft edge of the recessed area 574, and extending from the chassis bottom surface to the cleaning surface. The doctor blade is mounted to make contact or near contact with the cleaning surface. The doctor blade 576 is preferably formed from a thin flexible and compliant molded material e.g. a 1-2 mm thick bar shaped element molded from neoprene rubber or the like. The doctor blade 576, or at least a portion of the doctor blade, may be coated with a low friction material, e.g. a fluoropolymer resin for reducing friction between the doctor blade and the cleaning surface. The doctor blade 576 may be attached to the robot chassis 200 by an adhesive bond or by other suitable means.

The channel of the first cleaning zone A provides an increased volume between the cleaning surface and the bottom surface of the robot chassis 200 local to the first cleaning zone A. The increased volume guides airflow between the jet port 554 and the air intake port 556, and the doctor blade 576 prevents loose particulates and airflow from escaping the first cleaning zone A in the aft direction. In addition to guiding the air jet and the loose particulates across the cleaning width, the first doctor blade 576 may also exert a friction force against contaminates on the cleaning surface to help loosen contaminates from the cleaning surface as the robot moves in the forward direction. The first compliant doctor blade 576 is configured to be sufficiently compliant to adapt its profile form conforming to discontinuities in the cleaning surface, such a door jams moldings and trim pieces, without hindering the forward travel of the robot 100.

A second compliant doctor blade 578 may also be disposed in the first cleaning zone A to further guide the air jet toward the negative pressure zone surrounding the air intake port 554. The second compliant doctor blade is similar in construction to the first compliant doctor blade 576 and attaches to the bottom surface of the robot chassis 200 to further guide the air and loose particulates moving through the channel. In one example, a second recessed area 579 is formed in the bottom surface of the chassis 200 and the second compliant doctor blade 576 protrudes into the first recessed area 574 at an acute angle typically between 30-60° with respect to the traverse axis 108. The second compliant doctor blade extends from the forward edge of the recessed area 574 and protrudes into the channel approximately ⅓ to ½ of channel fore-aft dimension.

The first cleaning zone A traverses the cleaning surface along a cleaning path and collects loose particulates along the cleaning width. By collecting the loose particulates prior to the second cleaning zone B passing over the cleaning path, the loose particulates are collected before the second cleaning zone applies cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. One advantage of removing the loose particulates with the first cleaning zone is that the loose particulates are removed while they are still dry. Once the loose particulates absorb cleaning fluid applied by the second cleaning zone, they are more difficult to collect. Moreover, the cleaning fluid absorbed by the loose particulates is not available for cleaning the surface so the cleaning efficiency of the second cleaning zone B may be degraded.

In another embodiment, the first cleaning zone may be configured with other cleaning elements such as counter-rotating brushes extending across the cleaning width to flick loose particulates into a receptacle. In another embodiment, an air moving system may be configured to draw air and loose particulates up from the cleaning surface through an elongated air intake port extending across the cleaning width. In particular, other embodiments usable to provide a first cleaning zone according to the present invention are disclosed in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,883,201, by Jones et al. entitled AUTONOMOUS FLOOR-CLEANING ROBOT, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Second Cleaning Zone

The second cleaning zone B includes a liquid applicator 700 configured to apply a cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface and the cleaning fluid is preferably applied uniformly across the entire cleaning width. The liquid applicator 700 is attached to the chassis 200 and includes at least one nozzle configured to spray the cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. The second cleaning zone B may also include a scrubbing module 600 for performing other cleaning tasks across the cleaning width after the cleaning fluid has been applied onto the cleaning surface. The scrubbing module 600 may include a smearing element disposed across the cleaning width for smearing the cleaning fluid to distribute it more uniformly on the cleaning surface. The second cleaning zone B may also include a passive or active scrubbing element configured to scrub the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. The second cleaning zone B may also include a second collecting apparatus configured to collect waste materials up from the cleaning surface across the cleaning width, and the second collecting apparatus is especially configured for collecting liquid waste materials.

Liquid Applicator Module

The liquid applicator module 700, shown schematically in FIG. 5, is configured to apply a measured volume of cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. The liquid applicator module 700 receives a supply of cleaning fluid from a cleaning fluid supply container S, carried on the chassis 200, and pumps the cleaning fluid through one or more spray nozzles disposed on the chassis 200. The spray nozzles are attached to the robot chassis 200 aft of the first cleaning zone A and each nozzle is oriented to apply cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. In the preferred embodiment, a pair of spray nozzle are attached to the robot chassis 200 at distal left and right edges of the cleaning width W. Each nozzle is oriented to spray cleaning fluid toward the opposing end of the cleaning width. Each nozzles is separately pumped to eject a spray pattern and the pumping stroke of each nozzle occurs approximately 180 degrees out phase with respect to the other nozzle so that one of the two nozzles is always applying cleaning fluid.

Referring to FIG. 5, the liquid applicator module 700 includes a cleaning fluid supply container S, which is carried by the chassis 200 and removable therefrom by a user to refill the container with cleaning fluid. The supply container S is configured with a drain or exit aperture 702 formed through a base surface thereof. A fluid conduit 704 receives cleaning fluid from the exit aperture 702 and delivers a supply of cleaning fluid to a pump assembly 706. The pump assembly 706 includes left and right pump portions 708 and 710, driven by a rotating cam, shown in FIG. 7. The left pump portion 708 pumps cleaning fluid to a left spray nozzle 712 via a conduit 716 and the right pump portion 710 pumps cleaning fluid to a right spray nozzle 714 via a conduit 718.

A stop valve assembly, shown in section view in FIG. 6, includes a female upper portion 720, installed inside the supply container S, and a male portion 721 attached to the chassis 200. The female portion 720 nominally closes and seals the exit aperture 702. The male portion 721 opens the exit aperture 702 to provide access to the cleaning fluid inside the supply container S. The female portion 720 includes an upper housing 722, a spring biased movable stop 724, a compression spring 726 for biasing the stop 724 to a closed position, and a gasket 728 for sealing the exit aperture 702. The upper housing 722 may also support a filter element 730 inside the supply container S for filtering contaminates from the cleaning fluid before the fluid exits the supply container S.

The stop valve assembly male portion 721 includes a hollow male fitting 732 formed to insert into the exit aperture 702 and penetrate the gasket 728. Insertion of the hollow male fitting 732 into the exit aperture 702 forces the movable stop 724 upward against the compression spring 726 to open the stop valve. The hollow male fitting 732 is formed with a flow tube 734 along it central longitudinal axis and the flow tube 734 includes one or more openings 735 at its uppermost end for receiving cleaning fluid into the flow tube 734. At its lower end, the flow tube 734 is in fluid communication with a hose fitting 736 attached to or integrally formed with the male fitting 732. The hose fitting 736 comprises a tube element having a hollow fluid passage 737 passing therethrough, and attaches to hose or fluid conduit 704 that receives fluid from the hose fitting 736 and delivers the fluid to the pump assembly 706. The flow tube 734 may also include a user removable filter element 739 installed therein for filtering the cleaning fluid as it exits the supply container S.

According to the invention, the stop valve male portion 721 is fixed to the chassis 200 and engages with the female portion 720, which is fixed to the container S. When the container S is installed onto the chassis in its operating position the male portion 721 engages with the female portion 720 to open the exit aperture 702. A supply of cleaning fluid flows from the supply container S to the pump assembly 706 and the flow may be assisted by gravity or suctioned by the pump assembly or both.

The hose fitting 736 is further equipped with a pair of electrically conductive elements, not shown, disposed on the internal surface of the hose fitting fluid flow passage 737 and the pair of conductive elements inside the flow chamber are electrically isolated from each other. A measurement circuit, not shown, creates an electrical potential difference between the pair of electrically conductive elements and when cleaning fluid is present inside the flow passage 737 current flows from one electrode to the other through the cleaning fluid and the measurement circuit senses the current flow. When the container S is empty, the measurement circuit fails to sense the current flow and in response sends a supply container empty signal to the master controller 300. In response to receiving the supply container empty signal, the master controller 300 takes an appropriate action.

The pump assembly 706 as depicted in FIG. 5 includes a left pump portion 708 and a right pump portion 710. The pump assembly 706 receives a continuous flow of cleaning fluid from the supply container S and alternately delivers cleaning fluid to the left nozzle 712 and the right nozzle 714. FIG. 7 depicts the pump assembly 706 in section view and the pump assembly 706 is shown mounted on the top surface of the chassis 200 in FIG. 3. The pump assembly 706 includes cam element 738 mounted on a motor drive shaft for rotation about a rotation axis. The motor, not shown, is rotates the cam element 738 at a substantially constant angular velocity under the control of the master controller 300. However, the angular velocity of the cam element 738 may be increased or decreased to vary the frequency of pumping of the left and right spay nozzles 712 and 714. In particular, the angular velocity of the cam element 738 controls the mass flow rate of cleaning fluid applied onto the cleanings surface. According to one aspect of the present invention, the angular velocity of the cam element 738 may be adjusted in proportion to the robot forward velocity to apply a uniform volume of cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface irrespective of robot velocity. Alternately, changes in the angular velocity in the cam element 738 may be used to increase or decrease the mass flow rate of cleaning fluid applied onto the cleanings surface as desired.

The pump assembly 706 includes a rocker element 761 mounted to pivot about a pivot axis 762. The rocker element 761 includes a pair of opposed cam follower elements 764 on the left side and 766 on the right side. Each cam follower 764 and 766 remains in constant contact with a circumferential profile of the cam element 738 as the cam element rotates about its rotation axis. The rocker element 761 further includes a left pump actuator link 763 and a right pump actuator link 765. Each pump actuator link 763 and 765 is fixedly attached to a corresponding left pump chamber actuator nipple 759 and a right pump chamber actuator nipple 758. As will be readily understood, rotation of the cam element 738 forces each of the cam follower elements 764 and 766 to follow the cam circumferential profile and the motion dictated by the cam profile is transferred by the rocker element 761 to each of the left and right actuator nipples 759 and 758. As described below, the motion of the actuator nipples is used to pump cleaning fluid. The cam profile is particularly shaped to cause the rocker element 761 to force the right actuator nipple 758 downward while simultaneously lifting up on the left actuator nipple 759, and this action occurs during the first 180 degrees of cam. Alternately, the second 180 degrees of cam rotation causes the rocker element 761 to force the left actuator nipple 759 downward while simultaneously lifting up on the right actuator nipple 758.

The rocker element 761 further includes a sensor arm 767 supporting a permanent magnet 769 attached at its end. A magnetic field generated by the magnet 769 interacts with an electrical circuit 771 supported proximate to the magnet 769 and the circuit generates signals responsive to changes in the orientation of magnetic field. the signals are used to track the operation of the pump assembly 706.

Referring to FIGS. 7-9, the pump assembly 706 further comprises a flexible membrane 744 mounted between opposing upper and lower nonflexible elements 746 and 748 respectively. Referring to the section view in FIG. 7 the flexible element 744 is captured between an upper nonflexible element 746 and a lower nonflexible element 748. Each of the upper nonflexible element 746, the flexible element 744 and the lower nonflexible element 748 is formed as a substantially rectangular sheet having a generally uniform thickness. However, each element also includes patterns of raised ridges depressed valleys and other surface contours formed on opposing surfaces thereof. FIG. 8 depicts a top view of the flexible element 744 and FIG. 9 depicts a top view of the lower nonflexible element 748. The flexible element 744 is formed from a flexible membrane material such as neoprene rubber or the like and the nonflexible elements 748 and 746 are each formed from a stiff material nonflexible such as moldable hard plastic or the like.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, each of the flexible element 744 and the nonflexible element 748 are symmetrical about a center axis designated E in the figure. In particular, the left sides of each of the elements 746, 744 and 748 combine to form a left pump portion and the rights side of each of the elements 746, 744 and 748 combine to form a right pump portion. The left and right pump portions are substantially identical. When the three elements are assembled together, the raised ridges, depressed valleys and surface contours of each element cooperate with raised ridges depressed valleys and surface contours of the contacting surfaces of other of the elements to create fluid wells and passageways. The wells and passageways may be formed between the upper element 746 and the flexible element 744 or between the lower nonflexible element 748 and the flexible element 744. In general, the flexible element 744 serves as a gasket layer for sealing the wells and passages and its flexibility is used to react to changes in pressure to seal and or open passages in response to local pressure changes as the pump operates. In addition, holes formed through the elements allow fluid to flow in and out of the pump assembly and to flow through the flexible element 744.

Using the right pump portion by way of example, cleaning fluid is drawn into the pump assembly through an aperture 765 formed in the center of the lower nonflexible element 748. The aperture 765 receives cleaning fluid from the fluid supply container via the conduit 704. The incoming fluid fills a passageway 766. Ridges 775 and 768 form a valley between them and a mating raised ridge on the flexible 744 fills the valley between the ridges 775 and 768. This confines the fluid within the passageway 766 and pressure seal the passageway. An aperture 774 passes through the flexible element 744 and is in fluid communication with the passageway 766. When the pump chamber, described below, expands, the expansion decreases the local pressure, which draws fluid into the passageway 776 through the aperture 774.

Fluid drawn through the aperture 774 fills a well 772. The well 772 is formed between the flexible element 744 and the upper nonflexible element 746. A ridge 770 surrounds the well 772 and mates with a feature of the upper flexible element 746 to contain the fluid in the well 772 and to pressure seal the well. The surface of the well 772 is flexible such that when the pressure within the well 772 decreases, the base of the well is lifted to open the aperture 774 and draw fluid through the aperture 774. However, when the pressure within the well 772 increases, due to contraction of the pump chamber, the aperture 774 is forced against a raised stop surface 773 directly aligned with the aperture and the well 772 act as a trap valve. A second aperture 776 passes through the flexible element 744 to allow fluid to pass from the well 772 through the flexible element 744 and into a pump chamber. The pump chamber is formed between the flexible element 744 and the lower nonflexible element 748.

Referring to FIG. 7, a right pump chamber 752 is shown in section view. The chamber 752 includes a dome shaped flexure formed by an annular loop 756. The dome shaped flexure is a surface contour of the flexible element 744. The annular loop 756 passes through a large aperture 760 formed through the upper nonflexible element 746. The volume of the pump chamber is expanded when the pump actuator 765 pulls up on the actuator nipple 758. The volume expansion decreases pressure within the pump chamber and fluid is drawn into the chamber from the well 772. The volume of the pump chamber is decreased when the pump actuator 765 pushes down on the actuator nipple 758. The decrease in volume within the chamber increases pressure and the increased pressure expels fluid out of the pump chamber.

The pump chamber is further defined by a well 780 formed in the lower nonflexible element 748. The well 780 is surrounded by a valley 784 formed in the lower nonflexible element 748, shown in FIG. 9, and a ridge 778 formed on the flexible element 744 mates with the valley 784 to pressure seal the pump chamber. The pump chamber 752 further includes an exit aperture 782 formed through the lower nonflexible element 748 and through which fluid is expelled. The exit aperture 782 delivers fluid to the right nozzle 714 via the conduit 718. The exit aperture 782 is also opposed to a stop surface which acts as a check valve to close the exit aperture 782 when the pump chamber is decreased.

Thus according to the present invention, cleaning fluid is drawn from a cleaning supply container S by action of the pump assembly 706. The pump assembly 706 comprises two separate pump chambers for pumping cleaning fluid to two separate spray nozzles. Each pump chamber is configure deliver cleaning fluid to a single nozzle in response to a rapid increase in pressure inside the pump chamber. The pressure inside the pump chamber is dictated by the cam profile, which is formed to drive fluid to each nozzle in order to spray a substantially uniform layer of cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. In particular, the cam profile is configured to deliver a substantially uniform volume of cleaning fluid per unit length of cleaning width W. In generally, the liquid applicator of the present invention is configured to apply cleaning fluid at a volumetric rate ranging from about 0.2 to 5.0 ml per square foot, and preferably in the range of about 0.6-2.0 ml per square foot. However depending upon the application, the liquid applicator of the present invention may apply any desired volumetric layer onto the surface. In addition, the fluid applicator system of the present invention is usable to apply other liquids onto a floor surface such as wax, paint, disinfectant, chemical coatings, and the like.

As is further described below, a user may remove the supply container S from the robot chassis and fill the supply container with a measured volume of clean water and a corresponding measured volume of a cleaning agent. The water and cleaning agent may be poured into the supply container S through a supply container access aperture 168 which is capped by a removable cap 172, shown in FIG. 17. The supply container S is configured with a liquid volume capacity of approximately 1100 ml (37 fluid ounces) and the desired volumes of cleaning agent and clean water may be poured into the supply tank in a ratio appropriate for a particular cleaning application.

Scrubbing Module

The scrubbing module 600, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is shown in exploded isometric view in FIG. 10 and in the robot bottom view shown in FIG. 2. The scrubbing module 600 is configured as a separate subassembly that attaches to the chassis 200 but is removable therefrom, by a user, for cleaning or otherwise servicing the cleaning elements thereof. However, other arrangements can be configured without deviating from the present invention. The scrubbing module 600 installs and latches into place within a hollow cavity 602, formed on the bottom side of the chassis 200. A profile of the hollow cavity 602 is displayed on the right side of the chassis 200 in FIG. 3. The cleaning elements of the scrubbing module 600 are positioned aft of the liquid applicator module 700 to perform cleaning operations on a wet cleaning surface.

In the preferred embodiment, the scrubbing module 600 includes a passive smearing brush 612 attached to a forward edge thereof and disposed across the cleaning width. The smearing brush 612 extends downwardly from the scrubbing module 600 and is configured to make contact or near contact with the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. As the robot 100 is transported in the forward direction the smearing brush 612 moves over the pattern of cleaning fluid applied down by the liquid applicator and smears, or more uniformly spreads the cleaning fluid over the cleaning surface. The smearing brush 612, shown in FIGS. 2 and 10, comprises a plurality of soft compliant smearing bristles 614 with a first end of each bristle being captured in a holder such as crimped metal channel, or other suitable holding element. A second end of each smearing bristle 614 is free to bend as each bristle makes contact with the cleaning surface. The length and diameter of the smearing bristles 614, as well as a nominal interference dimension that the smearing bristles makes with respect to the cleaning surface may be varied to adjust bristle stiffness and to thereby affect the smearing action. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the smearing brush 612 comprises nylon bristles with an average bristle diameter in the range of about 0.05-0.2 mm, (0.002-0.008 inches). The nominal length of each bristle 614 is approximately 16 mm, (0.62 inches), between the holder and the cleaning surface and the bristles 614 are configured with an interference dimension of approximately 0.75 mm, (0.03 inches). The smearing brush 612 may also wick up excess cleaning fluid applied to the cleaning surface and distribute the wicked up cleaning fluid to other locations. Of course, other smearing elements such as flexible compliant blade member a sponge elements or a rolling member in contact with the cleaning surface are also usable.

The scrubbing module 600 may include a scrubbing element e.g. 604; however, the present invention may be used without a scrubbing element. The scrubbing element contacts the cleaning surface during cleaning operations and agitates the cleaning fluid to mix it with contaminates to emulsify, dissolve or otherwise chemically react with contaminates. The scrubbing element also generates a friction force as it moves with respect to the cleaning surface and the friction force helps to break adhesion and other bonds between contaminates and the cleaning surface. In addition, the scrubbing element may be passive element or an active and may contact the cleaning surface directly, may not contact the cleaning surface at all or may be configured to be movable into and out of contact with the cleaning surface.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, a passive scrubbing element is attached to the scrubbing module 600 or other attaching point on the chassis 200 and disposed to contact the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. A friction force is generated between the passive scrubbing element and the cleaning surface as the robot is transported in the forward direction. The passive scrubbing element may comprise a plurality of scrubbing bristles held in contact with the cleaning surface, a woven or non-woven material, e.g. a scrubbing pad or sheet material held in contact with the cleaning surface, or a compliant solid element such as a sponge or other compliant porous solid foam element held in contact with the cleaning surface. In particular, a conventional scrubbing brush, sponge, or scrubbing pad used for scrubbing may be fixedly attached to the robot 100 and held in contact with the cleaning surface across the cleaning width aft of the liquid applicator to scrub the cleaning surface as the robot 100 advances over the cleaning surface. In addition, the passive scrubbing element may be configured to be replaceable by a user or to be automatically replenished, e.g. using a supply roll and a take up roll for advancing clean scrubbing material into contact with the cleaning surface.

In another embodiment according to the present invention, one or more active scrubbing elements are movable with respect to the cleaning surface and with respect to the robot chassis. Movement of the active scrubbing elements increases the work done between scrubbing elements and the cleaning surface. Each movable scrubbing element is driven for movement with respect to the chassis 200 by a drive module, also attached to the chassis 200. Active scrubbing elements may also comprise a scrubbing pad or sheet material held in contact with the cleaning surface, or a compliant solid element such as a sponge or other compliant porous solid foam element held in contact with the cleaning surface and vibrated by a vibrating backing element. Other active scrubbing elements may also include a plurality of scrubbing bristles, and or any movably supported conventional scrubbing brush, sponge, or scrubbing pad used for scrubbing or an ultra sound emitter may also be used to generate scrubbing action. The relative motion between active scrubbing elements and the chassis may comprise linear and or rotary motion and the active scrubbing elements may be configured to be replaceable or cleanable by a user.

Referring now to FIGS. 10-12 the preferred embodiment of present invention includes an active scrubbing element. The active scrubbing element comprises a rotatable brush assembly 604 disposed across the cleaning width, aft of the liquid applicator nozzles 712, 714, for actively scrubbing the cleaning surface after the cleaning fluid has been applied thereon. The rotatable brush assembly 604 comprises a cylindrical bristle holder element 618 for supporting scrubbing bristles 616 extending radially outward there from. The rotatable brush assembly 604 is supported for rotation about a rotation axis that extends substantially parallel with the cleaning width. The scrubbing bristles 616 are long enough to interfere with the cleaning surface during rotation such that the scrubbing bristles 616 are bent by the contact with the cleaning surface.

Scrubbing bristles 616 are installed in the brush assembly in groups or clumps with each clump comprising a plurality of bristles held by a single attaching device or holder. Clumps locations are disposed along a longitudinal length of the bristle holder element 618 in a pattern. The pattern places at least one bristle clump in contact with cleaning surface across the cleaning width during each revolution of the rotatable brush element 604. The rotation of the brush element 604 is clockwise as viewed from the right side such that relative motion between the scrubbing bristles 616 and the cleaning surface tends to flick loose contaminates and waste liquid in the aft direction. In addition, the friction force generated by clockwise rotation of the brush element 604 tends drive the robot in the forward direction thereby adding to the forward driving force of the robot transport drive system. The nominal dimension of each scrubbing bristles 616 extended from the cylindrical holder 618 causes the bristle to interfere with the cleaning surface and there for bend as it makes contact with the surface. The interference dimension is the length of bristle that is in excess of the length required to make contact with the cleaning surface. Each of these dimensions plus the nominal diameter of the scrubbing bristles 616 may be varied to affect bristle stiffness and therefore the resulting scrubbing action. Applicants have found that configuring the scrubbing brush element 604 with nylon bristles having a bend dimension of approximately 16-40 mm, (0.62-1.6 inches), a bristle diameter of approximately 0.15 mm, (0.006 inches) and an interference dimension of approximately 0.75 mm, (0.03 inches) provides good scrubbing performance. In another example, stripes of scrubbing material may be disposed along a longitudinal length of the bristle holder element 618 in a pattern attached thereto for rotation therewith.

Squeegee and Wet Vacuuming

The scrubbing module 600 may also include a second collecting apparatus configured to collect waste liquid from the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. The second collecting apparatus is generally positioned aft of the liquid applicator nozzles 712, 714, aft of the smearing brush, and aft of the scrubbing element. In the preferred embodiment according to the present invention, a scrubbing module 600 is shown in section view in FIG. 12. The smearing element 612 is shown attached to the scrubbing module at its forward edge and the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 is shown mounted in the center of the scrubbing module. Aft of the scrubbing brush assembly 604, a squeegee 630 contacts the cleaning surface across its entire cleaning width to collect waste liquid as the robot 100 advances in the forward direction. A vacuum system draws air in through ports in the squeegee to suction waste liquid up from the cleaning surface. The vacuum system deposits the waste liquid into a waste storage container carried on the robot chassis 200.

As detailed in the section view of FIG. 12, the squeegee 630 comprises a vertical element 1002 and a horizontal element 1004. Each of the elements 1002 and 1004 are formed from a substantially flexible and compliant material such as neoprene rubber, silicone or the like. A single piece squeegee construction is also usable. In the preferred embodiment, the vertical element 1002 comprises a more flexible durometer material and is more bendable and compliant than the horizontal element 1004. The vertical squeegee element 1002 contacts the cleaning surface at a lower edge 1006 or along a forward facing surface of the vertical element 1002 when the vertical element is slightly bent toward the rear by interference with the cleaning surface. The lower edge 1006 or forward surface remains in contact with the cleaning surface during robot forward motion and collects waste liquid along the forward surface. The waste liquid pools up along the entire length of the forward surface and lower edge 1006. The horizontal squeegee element 1004 includes spacer elements 1008 extending rear ward form its main body 1010 and the spacer elements 1008 defined a suction channel 1012 between the vertical squeegee element 1002 and the horizontal squeegee element 1004. The spacer elements 1008 are discreet elements disposed along the entire cleaning width with open space between adjacent spacer elements 1008 providing a passage for waste liquid to be suctioned through.

A vacuum interface port 1014 is provided in the top wall of the scrubber module 600. The vacuum port 1014 communicates with the robot air moving system and withdraws air through the vacuum port 1014. The scrubber module 600 is configured with a sealed vacuum chamber 1016, which extends from the vacuum port 1014 to the suction channel 1012 and extends along the entire cleaning width. Air drawn from the vacuum chamber 1016 reduces the air pressure at the outlet of the suction channel 1012 and the reduced air pressures draws in waste liquid and air from the cleaning surface. The waste liquid drawing in through the suction channel 1012 enters the chamber 1016 and is suctioned out of the chamber 1016 and eventually deposited into a waste material container by the robot air moving system. Each of the horizontal squeegee element 1010 and the vertical squeegee element 1002 form walls of the vacuum chamber 1016 and the squeegee interfaces with the surrounding scrubbing module elements are configured to pressure seal the chamber 1016. In addition, the spacers 1008 are formed with sufficient stiffness to prevent the suction channel 1012 form closing.

The squeegee vertical element 1002 includes a flexure loop 1018 formed at its mid point. The flexure loop 1018 provides a pivot axis about which the lower end of the squeegee vertical element can pivot when the squeegee lower edge 1006 encounters a bump or other discontinuity in the cleaning surface. This also allows the edge 1006 to flex as the robot changes travel direction. When the squeegee lower edge 1006 is free of the bump or discontinuity it returns to its normal operating position.

Referring to FIG. 10, the scrubbing module 600 is formed as a separate subsystem that is removable from the robot chassis. The scrubbing module 600 includes support elements comprising a molded two-part housing formed by the lower housing element 634 and a mating upper housing element 636. The lower and upper housing elements are formed to house the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 therein and to support it for rotation with respect to the chassis. The lower and upper housing elements 634 and 636 are attached together at a forward edge thereof by a hinged attaching arrangement. Each housing element 634 and 636 includes a plurality of interlacing hinge elements 638 for receiving a hinge rod 640 therein to form the hinged connection. Of course, other hinging arrangements can be used. The lower and upper housing elements 634 and 636 form a longitudinal cavity for capturing the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 therein and may be opened by a user when the scrubbing module 600 is removed from the robot 100. The user may then remove the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 from the housing to clean it replace it or to clear a jam.

The rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 comprises the cylindrical bristle holder 618, which may be formed as a solid element such as a sold shaft formed of glass-filled ABS plastic or glass-filled nylon. Alternately the bristle holder 618 may comprise a molded shaft with a core support shaft 642 inserted through a longitudinal bore formed through the molded shaft. The core support shaft 642 may be installed by a press fit or other appropriate attaching means for fixedly attaching the bristle holder 618 and the core support shaft 642 together. The core support shaft 642 is provided to stiffen the brush assembly 604 and is therefore formed from a stiff material such as a stainless steel rod with a diameter of approximately 10-15 mm, (0.4-0.6 inches). The core support shaft 642 is formed with sufficient stiffness to prevent excessive bending of the cylindrical brush holder. In addition, the core support shaft 642 may be configured to resist corrosion and or abrasion during normal use.

The bristle holder 618 is configured with a plurality of bristle receiving holes 620 bored or otherwise formed perpendicular with the rotation axis of the scrubbing brush assembly 604. Bristle receiving holes 620 are filled with clumps of scrubbing bristles 616 which are bonded or otherwise held therein. In one example embodiment, two spiral patterns of receiving holes 620 are populated with bristles 616. A first spiral pattern has a first clump 622 and a second clump 624 and subsequent bristle clumps follow a spiral path pattern 626 around the holder outside diameter. A second spiral pattern 628 starts with a first clump 630 substantially diametrically opposed to the clump 622. Each pattern of bristle clumps is offset along the bristle holder longitudinal axis to contact different points across the cleaning width. However, the patterns are arranged to scrub the entire cleaning width with each full rotation of the bristle holder 618. In addition, the pattern is arranged to fully contact only a small number of bristle clumps with cleaning surface simultaneously, (e.g. 2) in order to reduce the bending force exerted upon and the torque required to rotate the scrubbing brush assembly 604. Of course, other scrubbing brush configurations having different bristle patterns, materials and insertion angles are usable. In particular, bristles at the right edge of the scrubbing element may be inserted at an angle and made longer to extend the cleaning action of the scrubbing brush further toward the right edge of the robot for cleaning near the edge of a wall.

The scrubbing brush assembly 604 couples with a scrubbing brush rotary drive module 606 which is shown schematically in FIG. 13. The scrubbing brush rotary drive module 606 includes a DC brush rotary drive motor 608, which is driven at a constant angular velocity by a motor driver 650. The motor driver 650 is set to drive the motor 608 at a voltage and DC current level that provides the desired angular velocity of the rotary brush assembly 604, which in the preferred embodiment is 1500 RPM. The drive motor 608 is drive coupled to a mechanical drive transmission 610 that increases the drive torque and transfers the rotary drive axis from the drive motor 608, which is positioned on the top side of the chassis 200, to the rotation axis of the scrubbing brush assembly 604, which is positioned on a bottom side of the chassis 200. A drive coupling 642 extends from the mechanical drive transmission 610 and mates with the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 at its left end. The action of sliding the scrubber module 600 into the cavity 602 couples the left end of the rotatable brush assembly 604 with the drive coupling 642. Coupling of the rotatable brush assembly 604 aligns its left end with a desired rotation axis, supports the left end for rotation, and delivers a rotary drive force to the left end. The right end of the brush assembly 604 includes a bushing or other rotational support element 643 for interfacing with bearing surfaces provided on the module housing elements 634, 636.

The scrubber module 600 further includes a molded right end element 644, which encloses the right end of the module to prevent debris and spray from escaping the module. The right end element 644 is finished on its external surfaces to integrate with the style and form of adjacent external surfaces of the robot 100. The lower housing element 634 is configured to provide attaching features for attaching the smearing brush 612 to its forward edge and for attaching the squeegee 630 to its aft edge. A pivotal latching element 646 is shown in FIG. 10 and is used to latch the scrubber module 600 in its operating position when it is correctly installed in the cavity 632. The latch 646 attaches to attaching features provided on the top side of the chassis 200 and is biased into a closed position by a torsion spring 648. A latching claw 649 passes through the chassis 200 and latches onto a hook element formed on the upper housing 636. The structural elements of the wet cleaning module 600 may be molded from a suitable plastic material such as a Polycarbonate (PC) (ABS) blend. In particular, these include the lower housing 634, the upper housing 636, the right end element 644, and the latch 646.

Air Moving Subsystems

FIG. 14 depicts a schematic representation of a wet dry vacuum module 500 and its interface with the cleaning elements of the robot 100. The wet dry vacuum module 500 interfaces with the first collecting apparatus to suction up loose particulates from the cleaning surface and with the second collecting apparatus to suction up waste liquid from the cleaning surface. The wet dry vacuum module 500 also interfaces with an integrated liquid storage container 800 attached to the chassis 200 and deposits loose particulates and waste liquid into one or more waste containers housed therein.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the wet dry vacuum module 500 comprises a single fan assembly 502; however, two or more fans can be used without deviating from the present invention. The fan assembly 502 includes a rotary fan motor 504, having a fixed housing 506 and a rotating shaft 508 extending therefrom. The fixed motor housing 506 attaches to the fan assembly 502 at an external surface of a rear shroud 510 by threaded fasteners, or the like. The motor shaft 508 extends through the rear shroud 510 and a fan impeller 512 is attached to the motor shaft 508 by a press fit, or by another appropriate attaching means, for causing the impeller 512 to rotate with the motor shaft 508. A front shroud 514 couples with the rear shroud 510 for housing the fan impeller 512 in a hollow cavity formed between the front and rear shrouds. The fan front shroud 514 includes a circular air intake port 516 formed integral therewith and positioned substantially coaxial with a rotation axis of the motor shaft 508 and impeller 512. The front and rear shrouds 510, 514 together form an air exit port 518 at a distal radial edge of the fan assembly 502.

The fan impeller 512 generally comprises a plurality of blade elements arranged about a central rotation axis thereof and configured to draw air axially inward along its rotation axis and expel the air radially outward when the impeller 718 is rotated. Rotation of the impeller 512 creates a negative air pressure zone, or vacuum, on its input side and a positive air pressure zone at its output side. The fan motor 710 is configured to rotate the impeller 715 at a substantially constant rate of rotational velocity, e.g. 14,000 RPM.

As shown schematically in FIG. 14, a closed air duct or conduit 552 is connected between the fan housing exit port 518 and the air jet port 554 of the first cleaning zone A and delivers high pressure air to the air jet port 554. At the opposite end of the first cleaning zone A, a closed air duct or conduit 558 fluidly connects the air intake port 556 with the integrated liquid storage container module 800 at a container intake aperture 557. Integral with the integrated storage container 800 is a conduit 832, detailed below, fluidly connects the container intake aperture 557 with a plenum 562. The plenum 562 comprises a union for receiving a plurality of air ducts connected thereto. The plenum 562 is disposed above a waste storage container portion of the integrated liquid storage container module 800. The plenum 562 and waste container portion are configured to deposit loose particulates suctioned up from the cleaning surface by the air intake port 556 into the waste container. The plenum 652 is in fluid communication with the fan intake port 516 via a closed air duct or conduit comprising a conduit 564, not shown, connected between the fan assembly and a container air exit aperture 566. The container air exit aperture 566 is fluidly connected with the plenum 562 by an air conduit 830 that is incorporated within the integrated liquid storage tank module 800. Rotation of the fan impeller 512 generates a negative air pressure or vacuum inside the plenum 560. The negative air pressure generated within the plenum 560 draws air and loose particulates in from the air intake port 556.

As further shown schematically in FIG. 14, a pair of closed air ducts or conduits 666 interface with scrubbing module 600 of the second cleaning zone B. The air conduits 666, shown in section view in FIG. 10 comprise external tubes extending downwardly from the integrated liquid container module 800. The external tubes 666 insert into the scrubber module upper housing gaskets 670.

As shown in FIG. 14, conduits 834 and 836 fluidly connect each external tube 666 to the plenum 652. Negative air pressure generated within the plenum 652 draws air from the vacuum chamber 664 via the conduits 834, 836 and 666 to suction up waste liquid up from the cleaning surface via the suction ports 668 passing from the vacuum chamber 664 to the waste liquid collecting volume 674. The waste liquid is draw into the plenum 562 and deposited into the waste liquid storage container.

Of course other wet dry vacuum configurations are usable without deviating from the present invention. In one example, a first fan assembly may be configured to collect loose particulates from the first cleaning zone and deposit the loose particulates in the first waste storage container and a second fan assembly may be configured to collect waste liquid from the second cleaning zone and deposit the waste liquid into a second waste storage container.

Integrated Liquid Storage Tank

Elements of the integrated liquid storage container module 800 are shown in FIGS. 1, 12, 14, 16 and 17. Referring to FIG. 16, the integrated liquid storage container 800 is formed with at least two liquid storage container portions. One container portion comprises a waste container portion and the second container portion comprises a cleaning fluid storage container portion. In the prefer embodiment of the present invention the two storage containers are formed as an integral unit that is configured to attach the chassis 200 and to be removable from the chassis by a user to empty the waste container portion and to fill the cleaning fluid container portion. In an alternate embodiment, the integrates storage containers can be filled and emptied autonomously hen the robot 100 is docked with a bas station configured for transferring cleaning fluid and waste material to and from the robot 100. The cleaning fluid container portion S comprises a sealed supply tank for holding a supply the cleaning fluid. The waste container portion W comprises a sealed waste tank for storing loose particulates collected by the first collecting apparatus and for storing waste liquid collected by the second collecting apparatus.

The waste container W comprises a first molded plastic element formed with a base surface 804 and an integrally formed perimeter wall 806 disposed generally orthogonal from the base surface 804. The base surface 804 is formed with various contours to conform to the space available on the chassis 200 and to provide a detent area 164 that is used to orient the integrated liquid storage container module 800 on the chassis 200. The detent 164 includes a pair of channels 808 that interface with corresponding alignment rails 208 formed on a hinge element 202, attached to the chassis 200 and described below. The perimeter wall 806 includes finished external surfaces 810 that are colored and formed in accordance with the style and form of other external robot surfaces. The waste tank D may also include a tank level sensor housed therein and configured to communicate a tank level signal to the master controller 300 when the waste tank D is full. The level sensor may comprise a pair of conductive electrodes disposed inside the tank and separated from each other. A measurement circuit applies an electrical potential difference between the electrodes from outside the tank. When the tank is empty no current flow between the electrodes. However, when both electrodes are submerged in waste liquid, current flows through the waste liquid from one electrode to the other. Accordingly, the electrodes may be located at positions with the tank for sensing the level of fluid within the tank.

The cleaning fluid storage container S is formed in part by a second molded plastic element 812. The second molded element 812 is generally circular in cross-section and formed with a substantially uniform thickness between opposing top and bottom surfaces. The element 812 mates with the waste container perimeter wall 810 and is bonded or otherwise attached thereto to fluidly seal the waste container W. The plenum 562 is incorporated into the second molded element 812 and positioned vertically above the waste container W when the cleaning robot is operating. The plenum 562 may also comprise a separate molded element.

The second molded element 812 is contoured to provide a second container portion for holding a supply of cleaning fluid. The second container portion is formed in part by a downwardly sloping forward section having an integrally formed first perimeter wall 816 disposed generally vertically upward. The first perimeter wall 816 forms a first portion of an enclosing perimeter wall of the liquid storage container S. The molded element 812 is further contoured to conform to the space available on the chassis 200. The molded element 812 also includes the container air input aperture 840, for interfacing with first cleaning zone air conduit 558. The molded element 812 also includes the container air exit aperture 838, for interfacing with the fan assembly 502 via the conduit 564.

A molded cover assembly 818 attaches to molded element 812. The cover assembly 818 includes a second portion of the supply tank perimeter wall formed thereon and provides a top wall 824 of the supply tank enclosure. The cover assembly 818 attaches to the first perimeter wall portion 816 and to other surfaces of the molded element 814 and is bonded or otherwise attached thereto to fluidly seal the supply container S. The supply container S may include a tank empty sensor housed therein and configured to communicate a tank empty signal to the master controller 300 when the upper tank is empty.

The cover assembly 818 comprises a molded plastic cover element having finished external surfaces 820, 822 and 824. The finished external surfaces are finished in accordance with the style and form of other external robot surfaces and may therefore be colored and or styled appropriately. The cover assembly 818 includes user access ports 166 to the waste container W, and 168 to the supply container S. The cover assembly 818 also includes the handle 162 and a handle pivot element 163 attached thereto and operable to unlatch the integrated liquid storage tank 800 from the chassis 200 or to pick up the entire robot 100.

According to the invention, the plenum 562 and each of the air conduits 830, 832, 834 and 836 are inside the cleaning fluid supply container S and the inter-connections of each of these elements are liquid and gas sealed to prevent cleaning fluid and waste materials from being mixed together. The plenum 562 is formed vertically above the waste container W so that waste liquid waste and loose particulates suctioned into the plenum 562 will drop into the waste container W under the force of gravity. The plenum side surfaces 828 include four apertures formed therethrough for interconnecting the plenum 562 with the four closed air conduits interfaced therewith. Each of the four closed air conduits 830, 832, 834 and 836 may comprise a molded plastic tube element formed with ends configured to interface with an appropriate mating aperture.

As shown in FIG. 16, the container air exit aperture 838 is generally rectangular and the conduit 830 connecting the container air exit aperture 838 and the plenum 562 is shaped with a generally rectangular ends. This configuration provides a large area exit aperture 838 for receiving an air filter associated therewith. The air filter is attached to the fan intake conduit 564 to filter air drawn in by the fan assembly 502. When the integrated storage tank 800 is removed from the robot, the air filter remains attached to the air conduit 564 and may be cleaned in place or removed for cleaning or replacement as required. The area of the air filter and the container exit aperture 838 are formed large enough to allow the wet dry vacuum system to operate even when up to 50% of the air flow through the filter is blocked by debris trapped therein.

Each of the container apertures 840 and 838 are configured with a gasket, not shown, positioned external to the container aperture. The gaskets provide substantially airtight seal between the container assembly 800 and the conduits 564 and 558. In a preferred embodiment, the gaskets remain affixed to the chassis 200 when the integrated liquid supply container 800 is removed from the chassis 200. The seal is formed when the container assembly 800 is latched in place on the robot chassis. In addition, some of the container apertures may include a flap seal or the like for preventing liquid from exiting the container while it is carried by a user. The flap seal remains attached to the container.

Thus according to the present invention, the fan assembly 502 generates a negative pressure of vacuum which evacuates air conduit 564, draws air through the air filter disposed at the end of air conduit 564, evacuates the fan intake conduit 830 and the plenum 562. The vacuum generated in the plenum 562 draws air from each of the conduits connected thereto to suction up loose particulates proximate to the air intake port 556 and to draw waste liquid up form the cleaning surface via the air conduits 834, 836 and 666, and via the vacuum chamber 664 and the suction ports 668. The loose particulates and waste liquid drawn into the plenum 562 and fall into the waste container W.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 3 16 and 17 the integrated liquid storage container 800 attaches to a top side of the robot chassis 200 by a hinge element 202. The hinge element 202 is pivotally attached to the robot chassis 200 at an aft edge thereof. The liquid storage container 800 is removable from the robot chassis 200 by a user and the user may fill the cleaning fluid supply container S with clean water and a measured volume of cleaning fluid such as soap or detergent. The user may also empty waste from the waste container W and flush out the waste container if needed.

To facilitate handling, the integrated liquid storage tank 800 includes a user graspable handle 162 formed integral with the cover assembly 818 at a forward edge of the robot 100. The handle 162 includes a pivot element 163 attached thereto and attached by a hinge arrangement to the cover assembly 818. In one mode of operation, a user may grasp the handle 162 to pick up the entire robot 100 thereby. In the preferred embodiment, the robot 100 weights approximately 3-5 kg, (6.6-11 pounds), when filled with liquids, and can be easily carried by the user in one hand.

In a second mode of operation, the handle 162 is to remove the integrated tank 800 from the chassis 200. In this mode, the user presses down on an aft edge of the handle 162 to initially pivot the handle downward. The action of the downward pivot releases a latching mechanism, not shown, that attaches a forward edge of the liquid storage container 800 to the robot chassis 200. With the latching mechanism unlatched the user grasps the handle 162 and lifts vertically upwardly. The lifting force pivots the entire container assembly 800 about a pivot axis 204, provided by a hinge element which pivotally attached to the aft edge of the chassis 200. The hinge element 202 supports the aft end of the integrated liquid storage container 800 on the chassis 200 and further lifting of the handle rotates the hinge element 202 to an open position that facilities removal of the container assembly 800 from the chassis 200. In the open position, the forward edge of the liquid storage container 800 is elevated such that further lifting of the handle 162 lifts the liquid storage tank 800 out of engagement with the hinge element 202 and separates it from the robot 100.

As shown in FIG. 17, the integrated liquid storage container 800 is formed with recessed aft exterior surfaces forming a detent area 164 and the detent area 164 is form matched to a receiving area of the hinge element 202. As shown in FIG. 3, the hinge element receiving area comprises a clevis-like cradle having upper and lower opposed walls 204 and 206 form matched to engage with and orient the storage container detent area 164. The alignment of the detent area 164 and the hinge walls 204 and 206 aligns the integrated storage container 800 with the robot chassis 200 and with the latching mechanism used to attach the container forward edge to the chassis 200. In particular, the lower wall 206 includes alignment rails 208 form-matched to mate with grooves 808 formed on the bottom side of the detent area 164. In FIG. 3, the hinge element 202 is shown pivoted to a fully open position for loading and unloading the storage container 800. The loading and unloading position is rotated approximately 75° from a closed or operating position; however other loading and unloading orientations are usable. In the loading and unloading position, the storage container detent area 164 is easily engaged or disengaged from the clevis-like cradle of the hinge element 202. As shown in FIG. 1, the integrated liquid storage tank 800 and the hinge element 202 are configured to provide finished external surfaces that integrate smoothly and stylishly with other external surfaces of the robot 100.

Two access ports are provided on an upper surface of the liquid storage container 800 in the detent area 164 and these are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. The access ports are located in the detent area 164 so as to be hidden by the hinge element upper wall 204 when the liquid storage tank assembly 800 is in installed in the robot chassis 200. A left access port 166 provides user access to the waste container W through the plenum 562. A right access port 168 provides user access to the cleaning fluid storage container S. The left and right access ports 166, 168 are sealed by user removable tank caps that may be color or form coded to be readily distinguishable.

Transport Drive System 900

In the preferred embodiment, the robot 100 is supported for transport over the cleaning surface by a three-point transport system 900. The transport system 900 comprises a pair of independent rear transport drive wheel modules 902 on the left side, and 904 on the right side, attached to the chassis 200 aft of the cleaning modules. In a preferred embodiment, the rear independent drive wheels 902 and 904 are supported to rotate about a common drive axis 906 that is substantially parallel with the transverse axis 108. However, each drive wheel may be canted with respect to the transverse axis 108 such that each drive wheel has its own drive axis orientation. The drive wheel modules 902 and 904 are independently driven and controlled by the master controller 300 to advance the robot in any desired direction. The left drive module 902 is shown protruding from the underside of the chassis 200 in FIG. 3 and the right drive module 904 is shown mounted to a top surface of the chassis 200 in FIG. 4. In the preferred embodiment, each of the left and right drive modules 902 and 904 is pivotally attached to the chassis 200 and forced into engagement with the cleaning surface by leaf springs 908, shown in FIG. 3. The leaf springs 908 are mounted to bias the each rear drive module to pivot downwardly toward the cleaning surface when the drive wheel goes over a cliff or is otherwise lifted from the cleaning surface. A wheel sensor associated with each drive wheel senses when a wheel pivots down and sends a signale to the master controller 300.

The drive wheels of the present invention are particularly configured for operating on wet soapy surfaces. In particular, as shown in FIG. 20, each drive wheel 1100 comprises a cup shaped wheel element 1102, which attaches to the a drive wheel module, 902 and 904. The drive wheel module includes a drive motor and drive train transmission for driving the drive wheel for transport. The drive wheel module may also include sensor for detecting wheel slip with respect to the cleaning surface.

The cup shaped wheel elements 1102 is formed from a stiff material such as a hard molded plastic to maintain the wheel shape and to provide stiffness. The cup shaped wheel element 1102 provides an outer diameter 1104 sized to receive an annular tire element 1106 thereon. The annular tire element 1106 is configured to provide a non-slip high friction drive surface for contacting the wet cleaning surface and for maintaining traction on the wet soapy surface.

The annular tire element 1106 comprises an internal diameter 1108 of approximately 37 mm and sized to fit appropriately over the outer diameter 1104. The tire may be bonded taped or otherwise contacted to the outer diameter 1104 to prevent slipping between the tire inside diameter 1108 and the outside diameter 1104. The tire radial thickness 1110 is approximately 3 mm. The tire material comprises a chloroprene homopolymer stabilized with thiuram disulfide black with a density of 15 pounds per cubic foot foamed to a cell size of 0.1 mm plus or minus 0.002 mm. The tire has a post-foamed hardness 69 shore 00. The tire material is sold by Monmouth Rubber and plastics Corporation under the trade name DURAFOAM DK5151HD.

To increase traction, the outside diameter of the tire is sipped. The term sipped refers to slicing the tire material to provide a pattern of thin grooves 1110 in the tire outside diameter. In the preferred embodiment, each groove has a depth of approximately 1.5 mm and a width or approximately 20 to 300 microns. The groove pattern provides grooves that are substantially evenly spaced apart with approximately 2 to 200 mm spaces between adjacent grooves. The groove cut axis makes an angle G with the tire longitudinal axis and the angle G ranges from 10-50 degrees.

The nose wheel module 960, shown in exploded view in FIG. 18 and in section view in FIG. 19, includes a nose wheel 962 housed in a caster housing 964 and attached to a vertical support assembly 966. The nose wheel module 960 attaches to the chassis 200 forward of the cleaning modules and provide a third support element for supporting the chassis 200 with respect to the cleaning surface. The vertical support assembly 966 is pivotally attached to the caster housing 964 at a lower end thereof and allows the caster housing to pivot away from the chassis 200 when the chassis is lifted from the cleaning surface or when the nose wheel goes over a cliff. A top end of the vertical support assembly 966 passes through the chassis 200 and is rotatably supported with respect thereto to allow the entire nose wheel module 960 to rotate freely about a substantially vertical axis as the robot 100 is being transported over the cleaning surface by the rear transport drive wheels 902 and 904. Accordingly, the nose wheel module is self-aligning with respect to the direction of robot transport.

The chassis 200 is equipped with a nose wheel mounting well 968 for receiving the nose wheel module 960 therein. The well 968 is formed on the bottom side of the chassis 200 at a forward circumferential edge thereof. The top end of the vertical support assembly 966 passes through a hole through the chassis 200 and is captured in the hole to attach the nose wheel to the chassis. The top end of the vertical support assembly 966 also interfaces with sensor elements attached to the chassis 200 on its top side.

The nose wheel assembly 962 is configured with a molded plastic wheel 972 having axle protrusions 974 extending therefrom and is supported for rotation with respect to the caster housing 964 by opposed co-aligned axle holes 970 forming a drive wheel rotation axis. The plastic wheel 972 includes with three circumferential grooves in its outer diameter. A center groove 976 is providing to receive a cam follower 998 therein. The plastic wheel further includes a pair of symmetrically opposed circumferential tire grooves 978 for receiving an elastomeric o-ring 980 therein. The elastomeric o-rings 980 contacts the cleaning surface during operation and the o-ring material properties are selected to provide a desired friction coefficient between the nose wheel and the cleaning surface. The nose wheel assembly 962 is a passive element that is in rolling contact with the cleaning surface via the o-rings 980 and rotates about its rotation axis formed by the axle protrusion 974 when the robot 100 is transported over the cleaning surface.

The caster housing 964 is formed with a pair of opposed clevis surfaces with co-aligned opposed pivot holes 982 formed therethrough for receiving the vertical support assembly 966 therein. A vertical attaching member 984 includes a pivot element 986 at its bottom end for installing between the clevis surfaces. The pivot element 986 includes a pivot axis bore 988 formed therein for alignment with the co-aligned pivot hole 982. A pivot rod 989 extends through the co-aligned pivot holes 982 and is press fit within the pivot axis bore 988 and captured therein. A torsion spring 990 installs over the pivot rod 988 and provides a spring force that biases the caster housing 964 and nose wheel assembly 962 to a downwardly extended position forcing the nose wheel 962 to rotate to an orientation that places the nose wheel 962 more distally below the bottom surface of the chassis 200. The downwardly extended position is a non-operating position. The spring constant of the torsion spring 990 is small enough that the weight of the robot 100 overcomes its biasing force when the robot 100 robot is placed onto the cleaning surface for cleaning. Alternately, when the nose wheel assembly goes over a cliff, or is lifted off the cleaning surface, the torsion spring biasing force pivots the nose wheel to the downwardly extended non-operating position. This condition is sensed by a wheel down sensor, described below, and a signal is sent to the master controller 300 to stop transport or to initiate some other action.

The vertical attaching member 984 includes a hollow vertical shaft portion 992 extending upward from the pivot element 986. The hollow shaft portion 992 passes through the hole in the chassis 200 and is captured therein by an e-ring retainer 994 and thrust washer 996. This attaches the nose wheel assembly 960 to the chassis and allows it to rotate freely about a vertical axis when the robot is being transported.

The nose wheel module 960 is equipped with sensing elements that generate sensor signals used by the master control module 300 to count wheel revolutions, to determine wheel rotational velocity, and to sense a wheel down condition, i.e. when the caster 964 is pivoted downward by the force of the torsion spring 990. The sensors generate a wheel rotation signal using a cam following plunger 998 that include a sensor element that moves in response to wheel rotation. The cam follower 998 comprises an “L” shaped rod with the a vertical portion being movably supported inside the hollow shaft 992 thus passing through the hole in the chassis 200 to extend above the top surface thereof. The lower end of the rod 992 forms a cam follower that fits within the wheel center circumferential groove 976 and is movable with respect thereto. The cam follower 998 is supported in contact with an offset hub 1000 shown in FIG. 18. The offset hub 1000 comprises an eccentric feature formed non-symmetrically about the nose wheel rotation axis inside the circumferential groove 976. With each rotation of the wheel 962, the offset hub 1000 forces and oscillation of the cam follower 998 which moves reciprocally along a substantially vertical axis.

A once per revolution wheel sensor includes a permanent magnet 1002 attached to the top end of the “L” shaped rod by an attaching element 1004. The magnet 1002 oscillates through a periodic vertical motion with each full revolution of the nose wheel. The magnet 1002 generates a magnetic field which is used to interact with a reed switch, not shown, mounted to the chassis 200 in a fixed location with respect to moving magnet 1002. The reed switch is activated by the magnetic field each time the magnet 1002 is in the full up position in its travel. This generates a once per revolution signal which is sensed by the master controller 300. A second reed switch may also be positioned proximate to the magnet 1002 and calibrated to generate a wheel down signal. The second reed switch is positioned in a location that will be influenced by the magnetic field when the magnet 1002 drops to the non-operating wheel down position. It will also be recognized by those skilled in the art that, while the invention has been described above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various features and aspects of the above described invention may be used individually or jointly. Further, although the invention has been described in the context of its implementation in a particular environment, and for particular applications, e.g. residential floor cleaning, those skilled in the art will recognize that its usefulness is not limited thereto and that the present invention can be beneficially utilized in any number of environments and implementations including but not limited to cleaning any horizontal surface. Accordingly, the claims set forth below should be construed in view of the full breadth and spirit of the invention as disclosed herein. 

1. A surface cleaning apparatus (100) comprising: a chassis (200) defined by a fore-aft axis (106) and a perpendicular transverse axis (108) for supporting cleaning elements thereon and for transporting the cleaning elements over the surface along the fore-aft axis (106) and wherein the cleaning elements are disposed to clean across a cleaning width W disposed generally orthogonal to the fore-aft axis (106) with a left end L and a right end R defining opposing edges of the cleaning width; and, a liquid applicator (700) comprising at least one nozzle disposed at one of said left end L and said right end R for ejecting cleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across the cleaning width W.
 2. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the cleaning fluid comprises water.
 3. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the cleaning fluid further comprises any one of soap, solvent, fragrance, disinfectant, emulsifier, drying agent and abrasive particulates.
 4. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a smearing element (612) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the position of the at least one nozzle and extending from the chassis (200) to the surface across the cleaning width W for smearing the cleaning fluid.
 5. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a scrubbing element (604) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the position of the at least one nozzle and extending from the chassis (200) to the surface across the cleaning width W for scrubbing the surface.
 6. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a scrubbing element (604) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the position of the at least one nozzle and extending from the chassis (200) to the surface across the cleaning width W for scrubbing the surface.
 7. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a collecting apparatus (630) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the position of the at least one nozzle and extending from the chassis (200) to the surface across the cleaning width W for collecting waste liquid from the surface.
 8. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the liquid applicator (700) comprises: a first nozzle (712) disposed at the left end L for ejecting cleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected from the first nozzle (712) with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across the cleaning width W, a second nozzle (714) disposed at the right end R for ejecting cleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected from the second nozzle (714) with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across the cleaning width W; and, wherein the first nozzle (712) and the second nozzle (714) are co-located on the fore-aft axis (106).
 9. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 8 wherein each of the first and second nozzles ejects a discrete burst cleaning fluid in accordance with a burst frequency and wherein the burst frequency of the first nozzle (712) is substantially opposite in phase with respect to the burst frequency of the second nozzle (714).
 10. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an autonomous transport drive subsystem (900), a sensor module (340) for sensing conditions and a power module (310) all supported by the chassis (200) and controlled by a master control module (300) to autonomously move the cleaning elements substantially over the entire surface over the surface in accordance with predefined operating modes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module (340).
 11. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising an autonomous transport drive subsystem (900), a sensor module (340) for sensing conditions and a power module (310) all supported by the chassis (200) and controlled by a master control module (300) to autonomously move the cleaning elements substantially over the entire surface over the surface in accordance with predefined operating modes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module (340).
 12. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising an autonomous transport drive subsystem (900), a sensor module (340) for sensing conditions and a power module (310) all supported by the chassis (200) and controlled by a master control module (300) to autonomously move the cleaning elements substantially over the entire surface over the surface in accordance with predefined operating modes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module (340).
 13. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the master control module (300) is configured to vary the burst frequency in accordance with a desired rate for applying cleaning fluid onto surface.
 14. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the master control module (300) is configured to vary the burst frequency to apply cleaning fluid onto the surface at a substantially uniform volume of approximately 2 ml per square foot.
 15. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising: a liquid storage container S, carried on the chassis (200), for storing a supply of the cleaning fluid therein; a diaphragm pump assembly (706) configured with a first a first pump portion (708) for drawing cleaning fluid from the container S and for delivering the cleaning fluid to the at least one nozzle; and, means for mechanically actuating the first pump portion (708).
 16. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising: an autonomous transport drive subsystem (900), a sensor module (340) for sensing conditions and a power module (310) all supported by the chassis (200) and controlled by a master control module (300) to autonomously move the cleaning elements substantially over the entire surface over the surface in accordance with predefined operating modes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module (340) a liquid storage container S, carried on the chassis (200), for storing a supply of the cleaning fluid therein; a diaphragm pump assembly (706) having a first a first pump portion (708) for drawing cleaning fluid from the container S and for delivering the cleaning fluid to the first nozzle (712) and a second pump portion 710 for drawing cleaning fluid from the container S and for delivering the cleaning fluid to the second nozzle (714); and, means for mechanically actuating the first pump portion (708) and the second pump portion (710).
 17. A surface cleaning apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the diaphragm pump assembly (706) comprises: a flexible element (744) mounted between a non-flexible upper chamber element (746) and a non-flexible lower chamber element 748, said flexible element (744) being formed with a first pump chamber (750) and a first actuator nipple (758) attached thereto and a second pump chamber (752) and a second actuator nipple (758) attached thereto; an actuator link (760) pivotally attached to the pump assembly (706) for pivoting between a first actuator position and a second actuator position, the actuator link (760) being fixedly attached to each of said first and said second actuator nipples (758) and wherein movement of the actuator link (760) toward the first actuator position decreases the volume the first pump chamber (750) and increases the volume of the second pump chamber (752) and further wherein movement of the actuator link (760) toward the second actuator position increases the volume the first pump chamber 750 and decreases the volume of the second pump chamber (752); a cam element (738) configured with a circumferential cam profile and supported to move the actuator link (760) between the first actuator position and the second actuator position; and, a cam rotary drive (740), controlled by the master controller (300), for rotating the cam element (738) in accordance with a cam rotary drive pattern.
 18. A method for cleaning a surface with a cleaning apparatus 100 comprising the steps of: transporting a chassis (200) over the surface in a forward transport direction defined by a defined by a fore-aft axis (106), said chassis (200) including cleaning elements supported thereon, and wherein the cleaning elements have a cleaning width disposed generally orthogonal to the fore-aft axis (108) and wherein the cleaning width has a left end L and an opposing right end R; and, ejecting a volume of cleaning fluid from a first nozzle (712) attached to the chassis (200) at one of said left end L and said right end R, said first nozzle (712) being configured to eject cleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across the cleaning width W.
 19. A method for cleaning a surface according to claim 18 further comprising the steps of: ejecting a volume of cleaning fluid from a second nozzle (714) attached to the chassis (200) at the other of said left end L and said right end R and co-located on the fore-aft axis (106) with respect to the first nozzle (712), said second nozzle (712) being configured to eject cleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across the cleaning width W; and, ejecting cleaning fluid from each of the first nozzle (712) and the second nozzle (714) in discrete bursts of cleaning fluid in accordance with a burst frequency and wherein the burst frequency of the first nozzle (712) is substantially opposite in phase with respect to the burst frequency of the second nozzle (714).
 20. A method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of smearing the cleaning fluid across the cleaning width W using a smearing element (612) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the co-located position of the first nozzle (712) and the second nozzle (714), said smearing element extending across the cleaning width.
 21. A method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of scrubbing the surface across the cleaning width W using a scrubbing element (604) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the co-located position of the first nozzle (712) and the second nozzle (714), said scrubbing element extending across the cleaning width.
 22. A method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of collecting waste liquid from the surface across the cleaning width W using a collecting apparatus (630) attached to the chassis (200) aft of the co-located position of the first nozzle (712) and the second nozzle (714), said collecting apparatus extending across the cleaning width.
 23. A method according to claim 19: wherein the chassis (200) further includes an autonomous transport drive subsystem (900), a sensor module (340) for sensing conditions and a power module (310) all supported thereon and controlled by a master control module (300) and wherein the step of transporting the chassis (200) over the surface further comprises the step of: controlling the transport drive subsystem (900) in accordance with predefined operating modes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module (340) to transport the cleaning elements substantially over the entire surface. 